The standard of care for fitting and programming hearing aids and cochlear implants has included measures that ensure audibility of speech signals while maintaining comfortable loudness levels. These measures typically do not consider processing beyond the cochlea/auditory nerve. Electrophysiological (EEG) measures can be used to objectively assess auditory processing in the brainstem and cortex, and may provide insight into the listening difficulties reported by hearing aid and cochlear implant users. In this seminar, I will present a series of capstone studies conducted by our Au.D. students. They used EEG to assess effects of hearing aid and cochlear implant parameters on brainstem and cortical speech processing. The results of these studies suggest that hearing aid fitting and cochlear implant mapping procedures may be improved through incorporation of EEG measures, especially for patients who are struggling to adapt to their devices.